UNIT 8 Fundamentals of Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports - 11

UNIT 8 Fundamentals of Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports

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  Fundamentals Of Kinesiology And Biomechanics in Sports 1. Definition and Importance of Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports. 2. Principles of Biomechanics 3. Kinetics and Kinematics in Sports 4. Types of Body Movements - Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Rotation, Circumduction, Supination & Pronation 5. Axis and Planes – Concept and its application in body movement.

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Definition and Importance of Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports

• Kinesiology: The study of human movement, focusing on anatomy, physiology, and mechanics.
• Biomechanics: The science of movement mechanics, analyzing forces and their effects on the human body during activity.

Importance in Sports:

• Helps improve technique and performance.
• Reduces the risk of injuries by understanding proper body mechanics.
• Optimizes training programs based on individual movement patterns.
• Enhances equipment design to support performance.

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2. Principles of Biomechanics

• Law of Inertia: A body remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
• Law of Acceleration: Force applied to a body causes an acceleration proportional to the force and inversely proportional to its mass.
• Law of Reaction: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• Stability and Balance: A larger base of support and lower center of gravity increase stability.
• Force and Leverage: Proper application of force and use of levers enhance efficiency.

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3. Kinetics and Kinematics in Sports

• Kinetics: Study of forces causing movement, including:
  • Gravity, friction, and muscle forces.
  • Focuses on how forces act on the body during motion.
• Kinematics: Study of motion without considering forces, including:
  • Speed, velocity, acceleration, and trajectory.
  • Focuses on the description of movement (e.g., angles, displacement).

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4. Types of Body Movements

• Flexion: Decreasing the angle between two body parts (e.g., bending the elbow).
• Extension: Increasing the angle between two body parts (e.g., straightening the knee).
• Abduction: Moving a body part away from the midline (e.g., raising the arm sideways).
• Adduction: Moving a body part toward the midline (e.g., lowering the arm).
• Rotation: Turning a body part around its axis (e.g., neck rotation).
• Circumduction: Circular movement of a limb (e.g., arm circles).
• Supination: Rotating the forearm to face the palm upward.
• Pronation: Rotating the forearm to face the palm downward.

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5. Axis and Planes – Concept and Application in Body Movement

• Axis of Movement: Imaginary lines about which body parts move.

  • Frontal Axis: Runs horizontally (e.g., somersault).
  • Sagittal Axis: Runs front to back (e.g., cartwheel).
  • Vertical Axis: Runs top to bottom (e.g., spinning).

• Planes of Movement: Imaginary surfaces dividing the body.

  • Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into left and right halves (e.g., running).
  • Frontal Plane: Divides the body into front and back halves (e.g., jumping jacks).
  • Transverse Plane: Divides the body into upper and lower halves (e.g., twisting movements).

Application: Understanding axes and planes aids in analyzing sports movements and designing training programs for specific activities.

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