ComputerApplication_165

Class X Computer Application-165 

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 Unit 1: Networking

• Internet: World Wide Web, web servers, web clients, web sites, web pages, web
browsers, blogs, news groups, HTML, web address, e-mail address,
downloading and uploading files from a remote site.
• Internet protocols: TCP/IP, SMTP, POP3, HTTP, HTTPS. Remote login and file
transfer protocols: SSH, SFTP, FTP, SCP, TELNET, SMTP, TCP/IP.
• Services available on the internet: information retrieval, locating sites using
search engines and finding people on the net;
• Web services: chat, email, video conferencing, e-Learning, e-Banking,
eShopping, e-Reservation, e-Governance, e-Groups, social networking.

• Mobile technologies: SMS, MMS, 3G, 4G.

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Unit 1: Networking

Internet:

• World Wide Web (WWW): A system of linked web pages and multimedia content accessible via the internet. Example: Searching for recipes on a cooking website.

• Web Servers: Computers that store web pages and deliver them when requested. Example: A server hosting an online shopping site.

• Web Clients: Devices like computers or smartphones that access web pages. Example: Your phone opening YouTube.

• Websites: Groups of related web pages. Example: www.wikipedia.org.

• Web Pages: Individual documents on a website. Example: A page showing a product on Amazon.

• Web Browsers: Programs used to access websites. Example: Google Chrome or Firefox.

• Blogs: Personal or professional online journals. Example: A travel blog sharing trip experiences.

• Newsgroups: Online forums for discussing specific topics. Example: A forum for car enthusiasts.

• HTML: The language used to create web pages. Example: HTML code adds headings, images, and links to a web page.

• Web Address (URL): The unique link to a web page. Example: www.google.com.

• Email Address: A unique ID to send or receive emails. Example: user@example.com.

• Downloading and Uploading: Moving files between your device and the internet. Example: Downloading a movie or uploading a document to Google Drive.

Internet Protocols:

• TCP/IP: Rules for data exchange over the internet. Example: Browsing a website.

• SMTP: Protocol to send emails. Example: Sending a message via Gmail.

• POP3: Protocol to receive emails. Example: Viewing emails in your mail app.

• HTTP: Protocol for viewing web pages. Example: Loading a news site.

• HTTPS: Secure version of HTTP, encrypting data. Example: Online banking.

• Remote Login and File Transfer Protocols:

  • SSH: Securely connecting to another computer. Example: Accessing a remote server.

  • SFTP: Securely transferring files. Example: Uploading files to a school website.

  • FTP: Transferring files over the internet. Example: Downloading software from a server.

  • SCP: Securely copying files. Example: Moving files between secure servers.

  • TELNET: Logging into another computer remotely (less secure). Example: Managing old systems.

Services Available on the Internet:

• Information Retrieval: Searching for facts and data. Example: Using Wikipedia to learn about history.

• Search Engines: Tools to find websites. Example: Google or Bing.

• Finding People: Using online directories or social media. Example: Searching for friends on Facebook.

Web Services:

• Chat: Real-time text communication. Example: Chatting on WhatsApp.

• Email: Sending electronic messages. Example: Writing an email on Gmail.

• Video Conferencing: Virtual meetings using video. Example: Zoom classes.

• e-Learning: Online education. Example: Using BYJU’S for study materials.

• e-Banking: Managing money online. Example: Transferring money via SBI’s YONO app.

• e-Shopping: Buying goods online. Example: Ordering clothes from Flipkart.

• e-Reservation: Booking tickets online. Example: Reserving train tickets on IRCTC.

• e-Governance: Accessing government services. Example: Applying for a passport online.

• e-Groups: Online communities sharing similar interests. Example: A WhatsApp study group.

• Social Networking: Connecting with people online. Example: Sharing posts on Instagram.

Mobile Technologies:

• SMS: Sending short text messages. Example: Sending a quick hello to a friend.

• MMS: Sending multimedia messages like images. Example: Sharing a photo via text.

• 3G: Older mobile technology for internet and calls. Example: Browsing Facebook on slower internet.

• 4G: Faster mobile technology for high-speed browsing and streaming. Example: Watching YouTube in HD without buffering.

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 Unit 2: HTML

• Introduction to web page designing using HTML: create and save an HTML
document, access a web page using a web browser.
• HTML tags: html, head, title, body, (attributes: text, background, bgcolor, link,
vlink, alink), br (break), hr(horizontal rule), inserting comments, h1..h6 (heading),

p (paragraph), b (bold), i (italics), u (underline), ul (unordered list), ol (ordered
list), and li (list item). Description lists: dl, dt and dd. Attributes of ol (start, type),
ul (type).
• Font tags (attributes: face, size, color).
• Insert images: img (attributes: src, width, height, alt), sup (super script), sub
(subscript).
• HTML Forms: Textbox, radio buttons, checkbox, password, list, combobox.
• Embed audio and video in a HTML page.
• Create a table using the tags: table, tr, th, td, rowspan, colspan
• Links: significance of linking, anchor element (attributes: href, mailto), targets.
• Cascading style sheets: colour, background-colour, border-style, margin, height,
width, outline, font (family, style, size), align, float.

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Unit 2: HTML

Introduction to Web Page Design Using HTML:

• Creation and Storage of HTML Documents:
  1. Utilize a text editor (e.g., Notepad) to author HTML code.
  2. Save the document with the .html extension (e.g., example.html). Example: <html><body><h1>Sample Page</h1></body></html>.
• Web Page Accessibility:
  • Open the stored .html file in a browser (e.g., Chrome, Firefox) to render the content. Example: Double-clicking the file example.html to visualize it.

HTML Tags:

• Structural Tags:
  • <html>: Delimits the beginning and end of an HTML document.
  • <head>: Encompasses metadata such as title and linking stylesheets.
  • <title>: Specifies the title displayed in the browser tab. Example: <title>Homepage</title>.
  • <body>: Encases the principal content of the web page.

Attributes of <body> Tag:

• text: Defines font color. Example: <body text="green">.
• bgcolor: Specifies the background color. Example: <body bgcolor="lightblue">.
• background: Embeds a background image. Example: <body background="background.jpg">.

Formatting Tags:

• <br>: Introduces a line break. Example: Text1<br>Text2.
• <hr>: Inserts a horizontal divider. Example: <hr>.
• Comments: Utilize <!-- Comment --> to include non-visible notes.
• <h1> to <h6>: Designate heading levels. Example: <h1>Main Title</h1>.
• <p>: Constructs paragraphs. Example: <p>This is a paragraph.</p>.
• <b>, <i>, <u>: Apply bold, italics, and underline styling. Example: <b>Important Text</b>.

Lists:

• Unordered List: Create bullet points using <ul>. Example:

  <ul>
    <li>Point A</li>
    <li>Point B</li>
  </ul>
  

• Ordered List: Enumerate items with <ol>. Example:

  <ol start="5" type="I">
    <li>Item One</li>
    <li>Item Two</li>
  </ol>
  

• Description List: For definitions or descriptive content:

  <dl>
    <dt>Term</dt>
    <dd>Definition</dd>
  </dl>
  

Font Tags:

• <font>: Modify text attributes such as typeface, size, and color. Example: <font face="Verdana" size="3" color="purple">Sample Text</font>.

Image Embedding:

• Use <img> to incorporate images with the following attributes:
  • src: Specifies image path. Example: <img src="image.jpg">.
  • width, height: Adjust dimensions. Example: <img src="image.jpg" width="200" height="150">.
  • alt: Defines alternative text. Example: <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description">.

Superscript and Subscript:

• <sup>: Superscripts text. Example: E=mc<sup>2</sup>.
• <sub>: Subscripts text. Example: H<sub>2</sub>O.

HTML Forms:

• Facilitate user input with form elements:

  <form>
    <input type="text" placeholder="Enter your name">
    <input type="radio" name="gender" value="Female"> Female
    <input type="checkbox" name="interest" value="Coding"> Coding
    <input type="password" placeholder="Create Password">
    <select>
      <option>Option A</option>
      <option>Option B</option>
    </select>
  </form>
  

Embedding Audio and Video:

• Audio:

  <audio controls>
    <source src="audio.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
    Your browser does not support audio.
  </audio>
  

• Video:

  <video width="320" height="240" controls>
    <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
    Your browser does not support video.
  </video>
  

Tables:

• Create tables using <table>, <tr> (row), <th> (header cell), and <td> (data cell):

  <table border="1">
    <tr>
      <th>Header 1</th>
      <th>Header 2</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Cell 1</td>
      <td>Cell 2</td>
    </tr>
  </table>
  

• Additional Attributes:
  • rowspan, colspan: Merge rows or columns. Example:

    <td rowspan="2">Merged Row</td>
    <td colspan="3">Merged Column</td>
    

Links:

• Add hyperlinks with <a>. Example:

  <a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>
  <a href="mailto:contact@example.com">Email Us</a>
  

• Targets: Open links in new tabs. Example: <a href="url" target="_blank">Open Here</a>.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS):

• Incorporate styling with <style>:

  <style>
    body {
      background-color: beige;
      font-family: Georgia;
    }
    h1 {
      color: navy;
      text-align: center;
    }
  </style>
  

• CSS Properties:
  • color, background-color: Define colors.
  • border-style: Outline elements with solid, dashed, etc.
  • margin, padding, width, height: Control dimensions and spacing.
  • font: Customize text (e.g., style, family, size).
  • float: Align elements to left or right.

This comprehensive overview equips learners to design and implement HTML web pages with practical examples.

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Unit 3: Cyber ethics

• Netiquettes.
• Software licenses and the open source software movement.
• Intellectual property rights, plagiarism and digital property rights.
• Freedom of information and the digital divide.
• E-commerce: Privacy, fraud, secure data transmission.

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Unit 3: Cyber Ethics

Netiquettes

Netiquette refers to the code of polite and respectful behavior while communicating online. Adhering to netiquette ensures healthy interactions and minimizes conflicts in the digital space. Key principles include:

• Be respectful: Avoid offensive language and personal attacks in emails, forums, or social media.

• Use clear communication: Write concise, grammatically correct messages. Example: Instead of writing "idk wat u mean," use "I don’t understand your point. Could you clarify?"

• Avoid spamming: Do not send unsolicited or repetitive messages.

• Respect privacy: Avoid sharing personal or sensitive information without consent.

Software Licenses and the Open Source Software Movement

Software Licenses

Software licenses are legal agreements that define how software can be used, modified, or shared. The two main types are:

• Proprietary License: Restricts access to source code and limits modifications. Example: Microsoft Office.

• Open Source License: Grants users the freedom to view, modify, and distribute source code. Example: Linux.

Open Source Software Movement

This global initiative advocates free access to software for learning and collaboration. It encourages transparency, innovation, and community-driven development. Example: Apache Web Server.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Plagiarism, and Digital Property Rights

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

IPR protects creations such as software, books, and music from unauthorized use or reproduction.

• Example: Copyrights protect software code, while patents cover unique algorithms or technologies.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism involves using someone else’s work without proper acknowledgment.

• Example: Copy-pasting content from a website into a school project without citation.

• Avoiding Plagiarism: Always credit the original source and use plagiarism-check tools.

Digital Property Rights

Digital property rights refer to ownership rights over digital assets like eBooks, music, or software. Violating these rights, such as illegally downloading software, is considered digital piracy.

Freedom of Information and the Digital Divide

Freedom of Information

Freedom of information is the right to access information freely, particularly in digital formats. Governments often pass laws ensuring transparency, such as the Right to Information Act (RTI) in India.

• Example: Public access to government databases or educational resources.

Digital Divide

The digital divide refers to the gap between individuals or communities with access to modern digital technology and those without.

• Causes: Economic inequality, lack of infrastructure, or education.

• Impact: Limits opportunities in education, jobs, and social inclusion for underprivileged communities.

E-commerce: Privacy, Fraud, and Secure Data Transmission

Privacy

Protecting user data from unauthorized access is crucial in e-commerce. Platforms ensure privacy through:

• Data encryption: Example: Using HTTPS protocols.

• Strict privacy policies: Platforms like Amazon ensure user data is not shared without consent.

Fraud

Fraud includes deceptive practices like phishing, identity theft, or fake e-commerce sites.

• Prevention: Use trusted websites, enable two-factor authentication, and verify seller credentials.

Secure Data Transmission

• Encryption: Ensures sensitive information like credit card details is transmitted securely.

• SSL Certificates: Provide secure communication channels. Example: Websites with a lock icon in the URL bar.

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This module equips students with essential knowledge of ethical digital practices, ensuring responsible online behavior and awareness of rights in the digital age.

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4. Lab Exercises

• Create static web pages.
• Use style sheets to enforce a format in an HTML page (CSS).
• Embed pictures, audio and videos in an HTML page.
• Add tables and frames in an HTML page.
• Decorate web pages using graphical elements.
• Create a website using several web pages. Students may use any open source
or proprietary tool.
• Work with HTML forms: text box, radio buttons, checkbox, password, list, combo
box.
• Write a blog using HTML pages discussing viruses, malware, spam and
antiviruses
• Create a web page discussing plagiarism. List some reported cases of plagiarism
and the consequent punishment meted out. Explain the nature of the punishment
in different countries as per their IP laws.