UNIT 6 Test and Measurement in Sports XII

 UNIT 6 Test and Measurement in Sports  XII

**************************************************

Test & Measurement in Sports

1. Fitness Test – SAI Khelo India Fitness Test in school: Age group 5-8 years/
class 1-3: BMI, Flamingo Balance Test, Plate Tapping Test Age group 9-18yrs/
class 4-12: BMI, 50mt Speed test, 600mt Run/Walk, Sit & Reach flexibility
test, Strength Test (Partial Abdominal Curl Up, Push-Ups for boys, Modified
Push-Ups for girls).

*****************************************************************

SAI KHELO INDIA Fitness Test and to make students Understand and conduct
General Motor Fitness Test 

Fitness Test: SAI Khelo India Fitness Test in Schools

The SAI Khelo India Fitness Test is an initiative by the Sports Authority of India (SAI) under the Khelo India Programme to assess and promote fitness among school students. This test encourages students to adopt a physically active and healthy lifestyle, helping identify areas of improvement in their physical fitness.

---

Objectives

• To assess students' overall physical fitness levels.
• To promote awareness of the importance of fitness and physical activity.
• To identify talent for sports at a young age.

---

Components of the Test

The test is designed to measure general motor fitness and includes the following parameters:

1. BMI (Body Mass Index):

   • Assesses body composition using height and weight measurements.

2. 50m Sprint:

   • Tests speed and agility.

3. 600m Run/Walk:

   • Evaluates cardiovascular endurance.

4. Standing Broad Jump:

   • Measures explosive strength of the lower body.

5. Partial Curl-Ups:

   • Assesses core strength and endurance.

6. Push-Ups/Modified Push-Ups:

   • Evaluates upper body strength and endurance.

7. Flexibility Test (e.g., Sit and Reach):

   • Measures flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles.

---

Conducting the Test

1. Preparation:

   • Ensure students understand the test protocols and warm up before starting.

2. Organisation:

   • Divide students into groups to conduct tests in an orderly manner.

3. Recording:

   • Note the results accurately for each component to assess performance levels.

4. Feedback and Improvement:

   • Provide constructive feedback and suggest exercises to improve weaker areas.

---

General Motor Fitness Test

The General Motor Fitness Test is used to assess physical abilities such as speed, strength, and endurance. It helps in determining overall fitness levels and identifying potential athletes for further training.

---

Conclusion

The SAI Khelo India Fitness Test is an effective tool to evaluate and enhance students’ fitness levels while fostering a culture of physical activity and sports in schools. Regular fitness assessments encourage students to stay active, develop healthier habits, and work towards achieving their fitness goals.

______________________________OR________________________________________________

_

Fitness Test: SAI Khelo India Fitness Test in Schools

The SAI Khelo India Fitness Test is designed to assess the physical fitness of students across different age groups. It aims to promote a culture of fitness and health awareness among schoolchildren.

---

Age Group 5-8 Years (Classes 1-3)

1. BMI (Body Mass Index):

   • Measures body composition using height and weight to assess growth and development.

2. Flamingo Balance Test:

   • Tests single-leg balance to assess body stability.
   • Procedure: Stand on one leg on a flat surface while the other leg is folded, and maintain balance for as long as possible.

3. Plate Tapping Test:

   • Measures hand-eye coordination and reaction speed.
   • Procedure: Alternately tap two plates placed 50 cm apart as quickly as possible within a set time.

---

Age Group 9-18 Years (Classes 4-12)

1. BMI (Body Mass Index):

   • Evaluates the relationship between height and weight to determine a healthy body composition.

2. 50m Speed Test:

   • Tests sprinting speed and acceleration.
   • Procedure: Run 50 metres as quickly as possible, recording the time taken.

3. 600m Run/Walk:

   • Assesses cardiovascular endurance.
   • Procedure: Complete 600 metres by running or walking, recording the time taken.

4. Sit and Reach Flexibility Test:

   • Measures flexibility of the lower back and hamstrings.
   • Procedure: Sit with legs extended straight, reach forward as far as possible without bending knees, and measure the distance reached.

5. Strength Tests:

   • Partial Abdominal Curl-Up:
     • Tests core strength and endurance.
     • Procedure: Perform as many curl-ups as possible to a set rhythm.
   • Push-Ups (for Boys):
     • Assesses upper body strength and endurance.
     • Procedure: Perform standard push-ups, counting the maximum repetitions.
   • Modified Push-Ups (for Girls):
     • Evaluates upper body strength.
     • Procedure: Perform push-ups with knees on the ground, recording the maximum repetitions.

---

Conclusion

The SAI Khelo India Fitness Test provides a structured framework to monitor and improve the physical fitness of students. It encourages the development of essential motor skills, strength, flexibility, and endurance, fostering a healthy and active lifestyle among children and adolescents.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Measuring Fitness Levels of Senior Citizens: Rikli and Jones Senior Citizen Fitness Test

The Rikli and Jones Senior Citizen Fitness Test is designed to assess the functional fitness of older adults. It measures their ability to perform everyday activities safely and independently, focusing on strength, flexibility, endurance, and balance.

---

Components of the Test

1. Chair Stand Test (Lower Body Strength)

   • Purpose: Measures leg strength and endurance.
   • Procedure:
     • Sit on a standard chair with arms crossed over the chest.
     • Stand up fully and sit down as many times as possible in 30 seconds.
   • Scoring: Count the number of complete stands.

2. Arm Curl Test (Upper Body Strength)

   • Purpose: Assesses arm strength and endurance.
   • Procedure:
     • Sit on a chair and hold a dumbbell (2.5 kg for women, 4 kg for men).
     • Perform as many arm curls as possible in 30 seconds.
   • Scoring: Count the number of curls completed.

3. 2-Minute Step Test (Aerobic Endurance)

   • Purpose: Measures cardiovascular endurance.
   • Procedure:
     • Step in place for 2 minutes, lifting knees to a height midway between the kneecap and hip.
   • Scoring: Count the number of times the right knee reaches the target height.

4. Chair Sit-and-Reach Test (Lower Body Flexibility)

   • Purpose: Assesses hamstring and lower back flexibility.
   • Procedure:
     • Sit on the edge of a chair, extend one leg, and reach towards the toes with both hands.
   • Scoring: Measure the distance (positive or negative) from fingertips to toes.

5. Back Scratch Test (Upper Body Flexibility)

   • Purpose: Evaluates shoulder flexibility.
   • Procedure:
     • Reach one hand over the shoulder and the other behind the back, trying to touch fingers.
   • Scoring: Measure the distance between (or overlap of) the middle fingers.

6. 8-Foot Up-and-Go Test (Agility and Balance)

   • Purpose: Assesses agility and dynamic balance.
   • Procedure:
     • Sit on a chair, stand up, walk 8 feet around a cone, and return to the chair as quickly as possible.
   • Scoring: Record the time taken to complete the task.

---

Procedure to Conduct the Test

1. Preparation:

   • Explain each test to the participants and demonstrate proper techniques.
   • Provide a warm-up session to prevent injuries.

2. Testing Environment:

   • Conduct the tests in a safe, spacious, and non-slippery area.

3. Recording Results:

   • Record each participant's performance for every test component.

4. Comparison and Analysis:

   • Compare results with normative data for the corresponding age and gender to evaluate fitness levels.

---

Significance of the Test

• Provides a comprehensive overview of functional fitness in senior citizens.
• Helps identify areas needing improvement, such as strength, flexibility, or balance.
• Supports designing personalised fitness plans to enhance quality of life and independence.

The Rikli and Jones Test is a practical and effective tool to promote health and well-being among older adults.

____________________________________________________________________________

2. Measurement of Cardio-Vascular Fitness – Harvard Step Test – Duration
of the Exercise in Seconds x100/5.5 X Pulse count of 1-1.5 Min after Exercise.

Measurement of Cardio-Vascular Fitness: Harvard Step Test

The Harvard Step Test is a widely used method to measure cardio-vascular fitness and endurance. It assesses the heart's ability to recover after exercise, reflecting overall fitness levels.

---

Procedure

1. Preparation:

   • Use a bench or step 20 inches (50.8 cm) high for men and 16 inches (40.6 cm) for women.
   • A metronome or timer is used to maintain a steady pace.

2. Exercise Protocol:

   • Step up and down the platform at a rate of 30 steps per minute for a duration of 5 minutes or until exhaustion.
   • "Exhaustion" is defined as the inability to maintain the stepping rate for 15 seconds.

3. Pulse Measurement:

   • After completing the test, sit down and measure the pulse rate during the following recovery periods:
     • 1 to 1.5 minutes after exercise (P1).
     • 2 to 2.5 minutes after exercise (P2).
     • 3 to 3.5 minutes after exercise (P3).

---

Fitness Index Calculation

The Fitness Index (FI) is calculated using the formula:

$$FI = \frac{\text{Duration of Exercise in Seconds} \times 100}{5.5 \times (\text{P1 + P2 + P3})}$$

---

Interpretation of Results

• Excellent Fitness: FI > 90
• Good Fitness: FI 80-89
• Average Fitness: FI 65-79
• Poor Fitness: FI < 65

---

Significance of the Harvard Step Test

• It provides an objective measure of cardiovascular endurance and recovery capacity.
• Useful for monitoring fitness progress over time.
• Helps in designing personalised fitness programmes based on individual capacity.

By performing the Harvard Step Test, students can better understand their cardiovascular health and work on improving their endurance.

________________________________________________________________

Physical fitness Index through Harvard Step Test/Rockport Test

3. Computing Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

calculate Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Calculation for Students

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the number of calories the body requires to maintain essential functions like breathing, blood circulation, and cell production while at rest. Teaching students to calculate BMR helps them understand their energy needs and promotes awareness of balanced nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.

---

BMR Calculation Formula

The most commonly used formula is the Harris-Benedict Equation, which considers weight, height, age, and gender:

1. For Boys/Men:

   $$\text{BMR}=88.362+(13.397\times \text{Weight (kg)})+(4.799\times \text{Height (cm)})-(5.677\times \text{Age (years)})$$

2. For Girls/Women:

   $$\text{BMR}=447.593+(9.247\times \text{Weight (kg)})+(3.098\times \text{Height (cm)})-(4.330\times \text{Age (years)})$$

---

Steps for Students to Calculate BMR

1. Measure Weight and Height:

   • Use a weighing scale to determine weight in kilograms.
   • Measure height in centimetres using a measuring tape.

2. Input Age and Gender:

   • Note the student’s age and gender as required by the formula.

3. Perform Calculations:

   • Substitute the values into the appropriate formula for boys or girls.

4. Interpret the Result:

   • The BMR value represents the calories the body burns at rest in a day

---

Example

• Boy: 15 years old, 50 kg, 160 cm tall

  $$\text{BMR}=88.362+(13.397\times 50)+(4.799\times 160)-(5.677\times 15)=88.362+669.85+767.84-85.155=1440.9\text{calories/day}$$

• Girl: 15 years old, 50 kg, 160 cm tall

  $$\text{BMR}=447.593+(9.247\times 50)+(3.098\times 160)-(4.330\times 15)=447.593+462.35+495.68-64.95=1340.67\text{calories/day}$$____________________________________________________________________________

4. Rikli & Jones - Senior Citizen Fitness Test

• Chair Stand Test for lower body strength.

• Arm Curl Test for upper body strength.

• Chair Sit & Reach Test for lower body flexibility.

• Back Scratch Test for upper body flexibility.

• Eight Foot Up & Go Test for agility.

 

• Six-Minute Walk Test for Aerobic Endurance.

 

Rikli and Jones Senior Citizen Fitness Test

The Rikli and Jones Senior Citizen Fitness Test is designed to assess the functional fitness of older adults. It evaluates their ability to perform everyday activities safely and independently by testing strength, flexibility, endurance, and agility.

---

Test Components and Procedures

1. Chair Stand Test (Lower Body Strength)

   • Purpose: Measures the strength and endurance of leg muscles.
   • Procedure:
     • Sit on a chair with arms crossed over the chest.
     • Stand up fully and sit down as many times as possible in 30 seconds.
   • Scoring: Count the total number of stands completed.

2. Arm Curl Test (Upper Body Strength)

   • Purpose: Assesses arm strength and endurance.
   • Procedure:
     • Sit on a chair holding a dumbbell (2.5 kg for women, 4 kg for men).
     • Perform as many arm curls as possible in 30 seconds.
   • Scoring: Record the total number of curls completed.

3. Chair Sit-and-Reach Test (Lower Body Flexibility)

   • Purpose: Measures flexibility in the hamstrings and lower back.
   • Procedure:
     • Sit on the edge of a chair, extend one leg, and reach towards the toes with both hands.
   • Scoring: Measure the distance from the fingertips to the toes (positive if fingers touch or go past the toes, negative otherwise).

4. Back Scratch Test (Upper Body Flexibility)

   • Purpose: Evaluates shoulder flexibility.
   • Procedure:
     • Reach one hand over the shoulder and the other hand behind the back, attempting to touch fingers.
   • Scoring: Measure the distance between (or overlap of) the middle fingers.

5. Eight-Foot Up-and-Go Test (Agility and Balance)

   • Purpose: Assesses agility and dynamic balance.
   • Procedure:
     • Sit on a chair, stand up, walk 8 feet around a cone, and return to the chair as quickly as possible.
   • Scoring: Record the time taken to complete the task.

6. Six-Minute Walk Test (Aerobic Endurance)

   • Purpose: Measures cardiovascular endurance.
   • Procedure:
     • Walk as far as possible for 6 minutes, maintaining a steady pace.
   • Scoring: Record the distance covered in metres.

---

Significance of the Test

• Helps assess functional fitness necessary for independent living.
• Identifies areas for improvement, such as strength, flexibility, or balance.
• Encourages personalised fitness routines to enhance quality of life.

The Rikli and Jones Test is a practical and efficient tool to evaluate and promote fitness among senior citizens.

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Johnsen – Methney Test of Motor Educability (Front Roll, Roll, Jumping
Half-Turn, Jumping full-turn

Johnsen–Methney Test of Motor Educability

The Johnsen–Methney Test of Motor Educability is designed to assess an individual's ability to learn and perform motor skills efficiently. It evaluates coordination, balance, agility, and the capacity to adapt to new physical tasks.

---

Test Components and Procedures

1. Front Roll

   • Purpose: Evaluates coordination, balance, and ability to perform a rolling motion.
   • Procedure:
     • Begin in a standing position.
     • Perform a forward roll on a flat, padded surface.
     • Stand up smoothly without using hands for support.
   • Scoring: Based on the smoothness and correctness of the movement.

2. Roll

   • Purpose: Assesses the general ability to roll effectively in different directions.
   • Procedure:
     • Perform a sequence of forward, backward, or sideways rolls as instructed.
   • Scoring: Evaluate precision, control, and adherence to instructions.

3. Jumping Half-Turn

   • Purpose: Tests balance, agility, and spatial awareness.
   • Procedure:
     • Stand in place and jump while turning 180 degrees in mid-air.
     • Land firmly on both feet, maintaining balance.
   • Scoring: Assess accuracy of the half-turn and stability upon landing.

4. Jumping Full-Turn

   • Purpose: Measures advanced coordination, agility, and ability to execute a full rotation.
   • Procedure:
     • Stand in place and jump while turning 360 degrees in mid-air.
     • Land steadily without losing balance.
   • Scoring: Evaluate the completeness of the turn and balance on landing.

---

Significance of the Test

• Identifies motor skill abilities and areas for improvement.
• Useful in assessing physical aptitude for sports and physical education.
• Encourages skill development through targeted training.

The Johnsen–Methney Test provides an objective measure of motor learning ability and is a valuable tool in physical education programmes.