CBSE CLASS X – COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (165)
UNIT 1: NETWORKING
Session 2026–27
Networking
• Internet: World Wide Web, web servers, web clients, web sites, web pages, web
browsers, blogs, news groups, HTML, web address, e-mail address,
downloading and uploading files from a remote site.
• Internet protocols: TCP/IP, SMTP, POP3, HTTP, HTTPS. Remote login and file
transfer protocols: SSH, SFTP, FTP, SCP, TELNET, SMTP, TCP/IP.
• Services available on the internet: information retrieval, locating sites using
search engines and finding people on the net;
• Web services: chat, email, video conferencing, e-Learning, e-Banking,
eShopping, e-Reservation, e-Governance, e-Groups, social networking.
• Mobile technologies: SMS, MMS, 3G, 4G.
***********RUonTop**************
1. INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING
What is a Computer Network?
A computer network is a group of two or more computers or digital devices connected together so that they can communicate and share resources.
Example
When several computers in a school computer laboratory are connected, students can share:
Files
Printers
Internet connection
Applications
Other resources
Simple Diagram
Computer A
|
|
Computer B ---- Network ---- Computer C
|
|
Computer D
Advantages of Computer Networks
Sharing files and information
Sharing hardware such as printers
Sharing an Internet connection
Fast communication
Easy access to common resources
Reduced cost
Better collaboration
2. INTERNET
What is the Internet?
The Internet is a worldwide network of interconnected computer networks.
It allows computers and other devices around the world to communicate and exchange information.
The Internet is commonly used for:
Web browsing
Email
Online education
Online shopping
Banking
Video conferencing
Social networking
File transfer
Entertainment
Example
When you open a website from your computer, your device communicates with a remote computer through the Internet.
3. WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
What is WWW?
WWW stands for World Wide Web.
It is a collection of interconnected web pages and other web resources that are accessed through the Internet using web browsers.
Important Point
Internet and WWW are not exactly the same.
Internet = Global network infrastructure
WWW = Web service that operates over the Internet
Example
When you open a website using Chrome, you are using the World Wide Web through the Internet.
4. WEB SERVER
What is a Web Server?
A web server is a computer system or software that stores, processes and delivers web pages to users when requested.
For example:
User's Browser
|
| Request
↓
Web Server
|
| Web Page
↓
User's Browser
Main Functions
A web server:
Receives requests from web clients.
Finds the requested web resource.
Sends the requested data back to the client.
5. WEB CLIENT
What is a Web Client?
A web client is a device or software that requests information from a web server.
A web browser is the most common example of a web client.
Examples
Google Chrome
Microsoft Edge
Mozilla Firefox
Safari
Working
Web Client Web Server
(Browser) (Website)
| |
| ---- Request --------> |
| |
| <---- Response -------- |
| |
Web Page displayed
6. WEBSITE
What is a Website?
A website is a collection of related web pages available under a common domain name or web address.
Example
A school website may contain:
Home page
About page
Contact page
Admission page
Gallery
Notice page
Structure
Website
|
+-- Home Page
|
+-- About Page
|
+-- Contact Page
|
+-- Admission Page
7. WEB PAGE
What is a Web Page?
A web page is a single document or page available on the World Wide Web.
Web pages are commonly created using HTML.
Example
A website may contain:
www.example.com
|
+-- Home
+-- About
+-- Contact
Each of these can be a separate web page.
8. WEBSITE VS WEB PAGE
| Website | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Collection of related pages | Single page |
| Usually has multiple pages | One individual document |
| Has a domain/web address | Has its own URL |
| Example: a school website | Example: About Us page |
Easy Rule
Website = Collection
Web Page = One page
9. WEB BROWSER
What is a Web Browser?
A web browser is application software used to access and display websites and web pages.
Examples
Google Chrome
Microsoft Edge
Mozilla Firefox
Apple Safari
Opera
Functions
A browser can:
Open websites
Display web pages
Download files
Upload files
Save bookmarks
Display images and videos
Run web applications
10. BLOG
What is a Blog?
A blog is a website or part of a website where articles or posts are published regularly.
The word Blog comes from Web Log.
Common Blog Topics
Education
Technology
Travel
Food
News
Sports
Personal experiences
Example
A teacher may maintain a blog containing:
Class notes
Homework
Exam information
Educational articles
11. NEWSGROUP
What is a Newsgroup?
A newsgroup is an online discussion forum where people can exchange messages and information about a particular topic.
Users can post messages and read responses from other participants.
Example Topics
Computers
Science
Education
Technology
Hobbies
Important Point
A newsgroup is mainly designed for topic-based online discussion.
12. HTML
What is HTML?
HTML stands for:
HyperText Markup Language
HTML is the standard markup language used to create and structure web pages.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>My Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome</h1>
<p>This is my web page.</p>
</body>
</html>
Common HTML Elements
| Element | Purpose |
|---|---|
<html> | Defines HTML document |
<head> | Contains document information |
<title> | Defines page title |
<body> | Contains visible content |
<h1> | Main heading |
<p> | Paragraph |
<a> | Hyperlink |
<img> | Image |
13. WEB ADDRESS
What is a Web Address?
A web address is the address used to locate a web resource on the Internet.
It is commonly called a URL.
URL stands for:
Uniform Resource Locator
Example
https://www.example.com/about.html
A URL can contain:
https://www.example.com/about.html
| | |
Protocol Domain Resource
14. PARTS OF A WEB ADDRESS
Consider:
https://www.example.com/about.html
1. https
Protocol used for communication.
2. www
Indicates a commonly used web host name.
3. example.com
Domain name.
4. /about.html
Path/resource requested from the server.
15. DOMAIN NAME
What is a Domain Name?
A domain name is a human-readable name used to identify a website.
Examples
google.com
wikipedia.org
cbse.gov.in
Domain names are easier for people to remember than numerical IP addresses.
16. E-MAIL ADDRESS
What is an E-mail Address?
An e-mail address identifies a user's mailbox on an email service.
Example
student@example.com
It generally contains:
student @ example.com
| |
username domain
@ Symbol
The @ symbol separates the username from the domain name.
17. WEB ADDRESS VS E-MAIL ADDRESS
| Web Address | E-mail Address |
|---|---|
| Used to locate a web resource | Used to identify an email account |
Example: https://example.com | Example: student@example.com |
| Uses a URL structure | Uses username + @ + domain |
| Opened in a browser | Used by an email service |
18. DOWNLOADING
What is Downloading?
Downloading means copying data or a file from a remote computer/server to your local device.
Example
Downloading a PDF from a website.
Remote Server
|
| File
↓
Your Computer
Examples
Downloading PDF notes
Downloading an image
Downloading software
Downloading a video
19. UPLOADING
What is Uploading?
Uploading means transferring a file or data from your local device to a remote computer or server.
Your Computer
|
| File
↓
Remote Server
Examples
Uploading an assignment
Uploading a profile photo
Uploading a YouTube video
Uploading a document to cloud storage
20. DOWNLOAD VS UPLOAD
| Download | Upload |
|---|---|
| Remote → Local | Local → Remote |
| Receive data | Send data |
| Example: download PDF | Example: upload assignment |
Easy Trick
Download = Bring data to your device
Upload = Send data from your device
21. INTERNET PROTOCOL
What is a Protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules that defines how devices communicate and exchange data over a network.
Without common protocols, connected devices would not be able to communicate correctly.
Simple Example
Just as people need a common language to communicate, computers need communication protocols.
22. TCP/IP
Full Form
TCP = Transmission Control Protocol
IP = Internet Protocol
TCP/IP is a fundamental suite of communication protocols used for communication across interconnected networks, including the Internet.
TCP
TCP helps provide reliable delivery of data.
It can:
Break data into smaller units
Ensure proper delivery
Detect lost data
Arrange data correctly
IP
IP is responsible for addressing and routing packets toward their destination.
Easy Understanding
TCP → Reliable delivery
IP → Addressing and routing
23. SMTP
Full Form
SMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP is used for sending email messages.
It is mainly used when an email client/server sends mail to an email server or when mail servers transfer messages.
Remember
SMTP → Send Mail
Example
Sender
|
| SMTP
↓
Mail Server
24. POP3
Full Form
POP3 = Post Office Protocol Version 3
POP3 is an email retrieval protocol used by an email client to download messages from a mail server.
Easy Understanding
Mail Server
|
| POP3
↓
Email Client
Remember
POP3 → Retrieve/download email messages
25. HTTP
Full Form
HTTP = HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTP is used for transferring web resources between a web client and a web server.
Example
When a browser requests a normal HTTP web page:
Browser
|
HTTP Request
↓
Web Server
|
HTTP Response
↓
Browser
26. HTTPS
Full Form
HTTPS = HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP.
It uses encryption mechanisms provided by TLS (Transport Layer Security) to protect data exchanged between the client and server.
Example
http://example.com
versus
https://example.com
Important
HTTPS helps protect information from being easily read or modified while it is being transmitted.
It is especially important for:
Online banking
Online shopping
Login pages
Payment pages
Personal information
27. HTTP VS HTTPS
| HTTP | HTTPS |
|---|---|
| HyperText Transfer Protocol | HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure |
| Does not provide TLS encryption itself | Uses TLS to secure communication |
| Less suitable for sensitive information | Preferred for sensitive information |
URL begins with http:// | URL begins with https:// |
28. SSH
Full Form
SSH = Secure Shell
SSH is a protocol used to securely access and manage a remote computer over a network.
It provides encrypted communication.
Uses
Remote login
Remote administration
Secure command execution
Secure file-related operations
Example
Local Computer
|
SSH
|
↓
Remote Computer
29. TELNET
What is TELNET?
TELNET is a protocol that can be used for remote login to another computer over a network.
However, traditional Telnet does not encrypt the communication, so it is generally unsuitable for sensitive remote administration.
Important Difference
SSH → Secure remote login
Telnet → Unencrypted remote login
30. FTP
Full Form
FTP = File Transfer Protocol
FTP is used to transfer files between a client and a server over a network.
Uses
Uploading files
Downloading files
Managing files on remote servers
Example
Client
|
FTP
|
↓
FTP Server
31. SFTP
Full Form
SFTP = SSH File Transfer Protocol
SFTP provides secure file transfer using the SSH protocol.
It protects the communication through encryption.
Uses
Secure file upload
Secure file download
Remote file management
32. SCP
Full Form
SCP = Secure Copy Protocol
SCP is used to securely copy files between computers using SSH-based secure communication.
Example
Computer A
|
SCP
|
↓
Computer B
Easy Difference
FTP → File transfer
SFTP → Secure file transfer
SCP → Secure file copying
33. FTP VS SFTP VS SCP
| Feature | FTP | SFTP | SCP |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main purpose | File transfer | Secure file transfer | Secure file copying |
| Encryption | Not inherently encrypted | Yes, through SSH | Yes, through SSH |
| Security | Lower | High | High |
| Common use | File transfer | Secure server management | Secure copying |
34. REMOTE LOGIN
What is Remote Login?
Remote login means accessing another computer through a network and interacting with it from your own computer.
Example
An administrator sitting in one city can securely manage a server located in another city using SSH.
Administrator PC
|
Network
|
↓
Remote Server
Protocols
SSH
TELNET
SSH is preferred when secure communication is required.
35. INTERNET SERVICES
The Internet provides many useful services.
Important services include:
Information retrieval
Searching for websites
Finding people
Email
Chat
Video conferencing
E-Learning
E-Banking
E-Shopping
E-Reservation
E-Governance
E-Groups
Social networking
36. INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
What is Information Retrieval?
Information retrieval means finding useful information from a large collection of online resources.
Examples
A student can search the Internet for:
Science notes
Historical information
Tutorials
News
Research material
Educational videos
37. SEARCH ENGINE
What is a Search Engine?
A search engine is an online service that helps users find information and websites on the Internet.
Examples
Google
Bing
DuckDuckGo
Basic Working
User enters search query
|
↓
Search Engine
|
↓
Searches indexed information
|
↓
Results displayed
Example
Search query:
Class 10 computer notes
The search engine displays relevant results.
38. FINDING PEOPLE ON THE INTERNET
The Internet can help people find or communicate with others using services such as:
Email
Social networking platforms
Professional networking services
Online directories
Messaging applications
Safety
Do not share sensitive personal information with unknown people.
39. CHAT
What is Online Chat?
Online chat is a service that allows people to exchange messages in real time over the Internet.
Examples
Text chat
Group chat
Live customer support
Messaging applications
Features
Real-time communication
Text messages
File sharing
Group communication
40. E-MAIL
What is E-mail?
E-mail means Electronic Mail.
It is a service used to send and receive electronic messages over computer networks.
E-mail can contain
Text
Images
Documents
Audio
Other attachments
Advantages
Fast
Low cost
Easy to use
Can reach people anywhere
Supports attachments
41. VIDEO CONFERENCING
What is Video Conferencing?
Video conferencing allows people in different locations to communicate using live audio and video.
Uses
Online classes
Business meetings
Interviews
Training
Consultations
Group discussions
Requirements
Internet connection
Camera
Microphone
Speaker/headphones
Suitable application
42. E-LEARNING
What is E-Learning?
E-Learning means learning through electronic and digital technologies, especially the Internet.
Examples
Online classes
Recorded lectures
Digital textbooks
Online quizzes
Learning platforms
Advantages
Learn from anywhere
Flexible timing
Easy access to resources
Multimedia learning
43. E-BANKING
What is E-Banking?
E-Banking means using electronic services to perform banking activities.
Common activities
Checking account balance
Fund transfer
Bill payment
Downloading statements
Managing accounts
Safety Rules
Never share OTP.
Never share your PIN.
Use official banking websites/apps.
Avoid suspicious links.
Log out after using public computers.
44. E-SHOPPING
What is E-Shopping?
E-Shopping means buying products or services through the Internet.
Common steps
Select Product
↓
Add to Cart
↓
Enter Delivery Details
↓
Choose Payment Method
↓
Place Order
↓
Delivery
Advantages
Shop from home
Wide range of products
Easy price comparison
Convenient ordering
45. E-RESERVATION
What is E-Reservation?
E-Reservation means booking services electronically through the Internet.
Examples
Railway tickets
Airline tickets
Hotel rooms
Movie tickets
Bus tickets
Advantages
Saves time
Available 24×7 in many services
Reduces queues
Provides instant booking information
46. E-GOVERNANCE
What is E-Governance?
E-Governance means providing government information and services using digital technologies.
Examples
Online applications
Digital certificates
Tax-related services
Government information portals
Online public services
Benefits
Saves time
Reduces paperwork
Improves accessibility
Makes services available online
47. E-GROUPS
What are E-Groups?
An e-group is an online group where people communicate and share information around a common interest or purpose.
Examples
School groups
Study groups
Professional groups
Hobby groups
Uses
Sharing information
Discussions
Announcements
Collaboration
48. SOCIAL NETWORKING
What is Social Networking?
Social networking allows people to communicate, share content and build online connections.
Examples
Social networking websites
Social networking applications
Professional networking platforms
Uses
Communication
Sharing photos/videos
Community building
Professional networking
Educational discussions
Safety
Always:
Use strong passwords.
Check privacy settings.
Avoid sharing sensitive information.
Think before posting.
Report suspicious activity.
49. WEB SERVICES – QUICK TABLE
| Service | Main Use |
|---|---|
| Chat | Real-time messaging |
| Electronic messages | |
| Video conferencing | Live audio/video communication |
| E-Learning | Online education |
| E-Banking | Online banking |
| E-Shopping | Online buying |
| E-Reservation | Online booking |
| E-Governance | Online government services |
| E-Groups | Group communication |
| Social networking | Online social communication |
50. MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES
Mobile communication has developed through different generations of technology.
Important technologies in the syllabus are:
SMS
MMS
3G
4G
51. SMS
Full Form
SMS = Short Message Service
SMS allows users to send short text messages using mobile networks.
Uses
Personal messages
Alerts
Notifications
Verification messages
Service information
Example
Your OTP is 123456.
52. MMS
Full Form
MMS = Multimedia Messaging Service
MMS allows users to send multimedia messages over mobile networks.
It can support content such as:
Text
Images
Audio
Video
SMS vs MMS
| SMS | MMS |
|---|---|
| Mainly text messages | Multimedia messages |
| Smaller/simple messages | Can contain media |
| Text-focused | Text + multimedia |
53. 3G
Full Form
3G = Third Generation
3G refers to a generation of mobile communication technology that provided significantly improved data services compared with earlier generations.
Uses
Mobile Internet
Video calling
Multimedia services
Online browsing
54. 4G
Full Form
4G = Fourth Generation
4G is a newer generation of mobile communication technology that provides substantially faster mobile data services than 3G.
Uses
High-speed Internet
Video streaming
Online gaming
Video conferencing
Faster downloads
Mobile applications
55. 3G VS 4G
| 3G | 4G |
|---|---|
| Third generation | Fourth generation |
| Older mobile broadband generation | Newer mobile broadband generation |
| Lower data performance than 4G | Higher data performance |
| Suitable for basic Internet and multimedia | Better suited for high-bandwidth applications |
Easy Rule
3G → Third Generation
4G → Fourth Generation
56. INTERNET COMMUNICATION MODEL
A simplified Internet communication process can be shown as:
USER
|
↓
WEB CLIENT
(Browser)
|
↓
INTERNET
|
↓
WEB SERVER
|
↓
WEB PAGE
|
↓
USER
Protocols help control the communication between the different systems.
57. IMPORTANT PROTOCOLS AT A GLANCE
| Protocol | Full Form | Main Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| TCP/IP | Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol | Internet communication |
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol | Web communication |
| HTTPS | HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure | Secure web communication |
| SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol | Sending email |
| POP3 | Post Office Protocol Version 3 | Retrieving email |
| FTP | File Transfer Protocol | File transfer |
| SFTP | SSH File Transfer Protocol | Secure file transfer |
| SCP | Secure Copy Protocol | Secure file copying |
| SSH | Secure Shell | Secure remote login |
| TELNET | — | Remote login, traditionally unencrypted |
58. IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES
Internet vs WWW
| Internet | WWW |
|---|---|
| Global network of networks | Web service on the Internet |
| Supports many services | Mainly web resources |
| Includes email, web, etc. | Uses web technologies |
Web Server vs Web Client
| Web Server | Web Client |
|---|---|
| Provides web resources | Requests web resources |
| Stores/serves website content | Usually a browser/device |
| Responds to requests | Sends requests |
Website vs Web Page
| Website | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Collection of pages | Single page |
| Larger structure | Individual document |
| Contains multiple resources/pages | Part of a website |
Upload vs Download
| Upload | Download |
|---|---|
| Local → Remote | Remote → Local |
| Send data | Receive data |
HTTP vs HTTPS
| HTTP | HTTPS |
|---|---|
| Web communication protocol | Secure web communication |
| No TLS protection by itself | Uses TLS |
http:// | https:// |
SMTP vs POP3
| SMTP | POP3 |
|---|---|
| Used for sending email | Used for retrieving email |
| Outgoing mail | Incoming/retrieved mail |
SSH vs TELNET
| SSH | TELNET |
|---|---|
| Secure remote login | Traditional remote login |
| Encrypted communication | No encryption by default |
| Preferred for secure administration | Not suitable for sensitive communication |
59. REAL-LIFE EXAMPLE
Suppose a student wants to download a PDF from a school website.
Step 1
The student opens a browser.
Step 2
The browser acts as a web client.
Step 3
The browser sends a request to the web server.
Step 4
HTTP or HTTPS is used for web communication.
Step 5
The server sends the requested web resource.
Step 6
The student downloads the PDF.
Student
↓
Browser
↓
HTTPS
↓
Web Server
↓
PDF
↓
Student's Computer
60. INTERNET SAFETY
While using Internet services, users should follow safe practices.
Important Rules
Use strong passwords.
Do not share passwords.
Never share OTPs.
Avoid unknown links.
Download files only from trusted sources.
Keep software updated.
Use secure websites for sensitive activities.
Check the website address before entering personal information.
Avoid using sensitive accounts on untrusted public computers.
Respect other people's privacy.
61. IMPORTANT TERMS – ONE-LINE REVISION
Internet: Worldwide network of interconnected networks.
WWW: Collection of interconnected web resources accessed through the Internet.
Web Server: System that provides web resources to clients.
Web Client: System/software that requests web resources.
Website: Collection of related web pages.
Web Page: Individual document on the Web.
Browser: Software used to access web pages.
Blog: Website or section containing regularly published posts.
Newsgroup: Online topic-based discussion group.
HTML: Markup language used to structure web pages.
URL: Address used to locate a web resource.
E-mail Address: Address identifying an electronic mailbox.
Download: Transfer data from remote system to local device.
Upload: Transfer data from local device to remote system.
Protocol: Set of communication rules.
TCP/IP: Fundamental Internet protocol suite.
SMTP: Protocol used for sending email.
POP3: Protocol used for retrieving email.
HTTP: Protocol for web communication.
HTTPS: Secure web communication using TLS.
SSH: Secure remote-login protocol.
FTP: File transfer protocol.
SFTP: Secure file-transfer protocol using SSH.
SCP: Secure copying of files using SSH-based communication.
TELNET: Traditional remote-login protocol without encryption by default.
SMS: Short Message Service.
MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service.
3G: Third generation mobile communication technology.
4G: Fourth generation mobile communication technology.
62. IMPORTANT EXAM QUESTIONS
Very Short Answer Questions
What is the Internet?
What is WWW?
What is a web browser?
What is a web server?
What is a website?
What is a web page?
What is HTML?
What is a URL?
What is downloading?
What is uploading?
What is a protocol?
Write the full form of TCP/IP.
Write the full form of SMTP.
Write the full form of POP3.
What is HTTP?
What is HTTPS?
What is FTP?
What is SSH?
What is SMS?
What is MMS?
63. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q1. Differentiate between a website and a web page.
Answer: A website is a collection of related web pages, whereas a web page is a single document available on the Web.
Q2. What is the difference between downloading and uploading?
Answer: Downloading transfers data from a remote server to the local device. Uploading transfers data from the local device to a remote server.
Q3. What is SMTP used for?
Answer: SMTP is used for sending email messages.
Q4. What is POP3 used for?
Answer: POP3 is used by email clients to retrieve/download messages from a mail server.
Q5. Why is HTTPS safer than HTTP?
Answer: HTTPS uses TLS to encrypt and protect communication between the client and server.
Q6. What is FTP?
Answer: FTP is a protocol used to transfer files between a client and a server.
Q7. What is SSH?
Answer: SSH is a secure protocol used mainly for remote login and secure remote administration.
Q8. What is e-learning?
Answer: E-learning is education delivered using electronic and digital technologies, especially through the Internet.
Q9. What is e-banking?
Answer: E-banking allows users to perform banking activities electronically through online services.
Q10. What is e-shopping?
Answer: E-shopping means buying goods or services through the Internet.
64. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
Q1. Explain the working of a web browser.
Answer:
The user enters a web address.
The browser interprets the address.
It sends a request to the appropriate web server.
The server processes the request.
The server sends a response.
The browser receives the web resources.
The browser displays the web page to the user.
Q2. Explain the major Internet protocols.
Answer:
TCP/IP: Fundamental protocol suite for Internet communication.
HTTP: Used for web communication.
HTTPS: Secure web communication using TLS.
SMTP: Used for sending email.
POP3: Used for retrieving email.
FTP: Used for file transfer.
SSH: Used for secure remote login.
SFTP: Used for secure file transfer.
SCP: Used for secure file copying.
TELNET: Used for traditional remote login without encryption by default.
Q3. Explain different services available on the Internet.
Answer:
The Internet provides many services such as:
Information retrieval
Search engines
Email
Chat
Video conferencing
E-learning
E-banking
E-shopping
E-reservation
E-governance
E-groups
Social networking
These services make communication, education, business and access to information faster and more convenient.
65. MCQs FOR PRACTICE
1. WWW stands for:
a. World Wide Web
b. World Web Window
c. Wide World Web
d. Web World Wide
Answer: a. World Wide Web
2. Which software is used to open websites?
a. Compiler
b. Browser
c. Calculator
d. Paint
Answer: b. Browser
3. Which protocol is mainly used to send email?
a. FTP
b. SMTP
c. HTTP
d. POP3
Answer: b. SMTP
4. Which protocol is used to retrieve email?
a. POP3
b. SMTP
c. FTP
d. HTTP
Answer: a. POP3
5. Which is the secure version of HTTP?
a. FTP
b. HTTPS
c. SMTP
d. TELNET
Answer: b. HTTPS
6. Which protocol is commonly used for secure remote login?
a. FTP
b. SSH
c. SMTP
d. POP3
Answer: b. SSH
7. Which protocol is used for file transfer?
a. FTP
b. SMTP
c. HTTP
d. POP3
Answer: a. FTP
8. SMS stands for:
a. Short Message Service
b. Simple Mail Service
c. Short Media System
d. System Message Service
Answer: a. Short Message Service
9. MMS is mainly used for:
a. Multimedia messaging
b. Searching websites
c. Creating databases
d. Programming
Answer: a. Multimedia messaging
10. 4G refers to:
a. Fourth Generation
b. Fourth Gateway
c. Four Gigabytes
d. Fourth Google
Answer: a. Fourth Generation
66. FILL IN THE BLANKS
WWW stands for World Wide Web.
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language.
SMTP is used for sending email.
POP3 is used for retrieving email.
HTTP is used for web communication.
HTTPS provides secure web communication using TLS.
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.
SSH stands for Secure Shell.
SMS stands for Short Message Service.
MMS stands for Multimedia Messaging Service.
3G means Third Generation.
4G means Fourth Generation.
A collection of web pages is called a website.
A single web document is called a web page.
A program used to access websites is called a web browser.
67. MATCH THE FOLLOWING
| A | B |
|---|---|
| 1. SMTP | a. Secure remote login |
| 2. POP3 | b. Web communication |
| 3. HTTP | c. Email sending |
| 4. FTP | d. Email retrieval |
| 5. SSH | e. File transfer |
Answers
1 → c
2 → d
3 → b
4 → e
5 → a
68. QUICK REVISION CHART
INTERNET
|
+-------------+-------------+
| | |
WWW EMAIL SERVICES
| | |
Website/Page SMTP/POP3 E-Learning
Browser E-Banking
HTML E-Shopping
E-Governance
Social Networking
|
PROTOCOLS
|
+------+------+------+------+
| | | | |
HTTP HTTPS FTP SSH TCP/IP
|
MOBILE TECHNOLOGY
|
+-------+-------+
| | |
SMS MMS 3G/4G
69. EXAM MEMORY TRICKS
SMTP = Send
POP3 = Pick up/retrieve
Web
HTTP = Web
HTTPS = Secure Web
Files
FTP = File Transfer
SFTP = Secure File Transfer
SCP = Secure Copy
Remote Access
SSH = Secure
TELNET = Traditional/unencrypted
Mobile
SMS = Text
MMS = Multimedia
3G = Third Generation
4G = Fourth Generation
70. IMPORTANT CBSE EXAM PREPARATION
Students should be able to:
Define Internet and WWW.
Explain web server and web client.
Differentiate website and web page.
Explain browser and HTML.
Identify web and email addresses.
Explain upload and download.
Expand and explain important protocols.
Differentiate HTTP and HTTPS.
Differentiate SMTP and POP3.
Explain FTP, SFTP, SCP and SSH.
Explain remote login.
Describe Internet services.
Explain e-learning, e-banking and e-shopping.
Explain e-reservation and e-governance.
Explain social networking and e-groups.
Explain SMS, MMS, 3G and 4G.
Answer protocol-based MCQs and case-study questions.
GOLDEN SUMMARY
Internet connects networks worldwide.
WWW provides interconnected web resources.
Browser accesses web pages.
Web server provides web resources.
Web client requests web resources.
Website is a collection of web pages.
Web page is one individual web document.
HTML structures web pages.
URL identifies a web resource.
SMTP sends email.
POP3 retrieves email.
HTTP transfers web resources.
HTTPS protects web communication using TLS.
FTP transfers files.
SFTP securely transfers files using SSH.
SCP securely copies files.
SSH provides secure remote login.
TELNET provides traditional remote login without encryption by default.
Download means remote → local.
Upload means local → remote.
SMS sends text messages.
MMS sends multimedia messages.
3G is third-generation mobile technology.
4G is fourth-generation mobile technology.
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